II. Aminoglycoside Toxicity
The gerbil displays spontaneous epileptiform seizures (see photo).
These seizures may be precipitated by sudden stress, handling, or introduction
to a novel environment. Incidence of this syndrome is about 20% in
natural populations. The condition appears to be inherited, and both
seizure-resistant and seizure-sensitive strains have been developed by
selective breeding. Inbred animals can have up to 100% incidence.
Seizures vary in severity from mild hypnotic episodes characterized by
cessation of activity and twitching of the pinnae and vibrissae, to severe
myoclonic convulsions followed by tonic extensor rigidity. Post-seizure
fatality occurs in less than 1% of affected animals. There is no
permanent damage. Seizure onset occurs at 2 to 3 months of age with
seizure incidence and severity increasing with age until the animal reaches
six months of age. A refractory period of up to five days can follow
more severe seizures. Research has shown that the seizure response
can be almost completely suppressed in genetically predisposed animals
if they are frequently stimulated by handling during the first three weeks
of life. Anticonvulsant therapy is neither necessary nor recommended. 
Aminoglycosides are toxic to gerbils. Antibiotic ointments containing
aminoglycosides have caused mortality presumably from ingestng the ointment,
and experiencing neuromuscular paralysis from impaired acetylcholine release.
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